- In 2002, four years after the registration of the use of coumaphos, mites resistant to coumaphos were reported in Florida, Maine and New Jersey (MAAREC, 2002;Pettis, 2004).
- Amitraz has been incorporated into management practices in commercial beekeeping operations (Runckel et al., 2011). Amitraz resistance has also been observed in the honey bee mite population in the U.S. (Elzen et al., 2000b).
- It could be reasonable to assume that some mites are resistant to amitraz (rVAR) but the prevalence is still unknowns (Personal communications with SME, September2013).
-There have been reports that fluvalinate, coumaphos and amitraz resistance is spreading throughout the U.S. (in Arizona, California, Florida, Maine and North Dakota) and that cross-resistance may also occur (Sammataro et al., 2005).